Why Judith McHale would be a bad public diplomacy choice

Fri, 01/23/2009 - 9:48am

Al Kamen reports today that:

Official Washington is abuzz with word that Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton is poised to tap a longtime friend and Democratic mega-donor as her undersecretary for public diplomacy. Judith A. McHale, one of the area's most prominent female executives, who stepped down in 2006 as president of Discovery Communications, may take a job that has been especially difficult given Washington's reputation abroad.

Her résumé doesn't reflect an excess of diplomatic experience, but we're reminded that this is a job that involves selling a message.

This would be a terrible, terrible selection. I don't know Judith McHale at all, and obviously have nothing against her personally. But the position of Under-Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs should go to someone with experience in and a vision for public diplomacy, and who will be in a position to effectively integrate public diplomacy concerns into the policy-making process. Appointing someone with no experience in public diplomacy but with a resume which "involves selling a message" has already been tried: the first post-9/11 Under-Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy Charlotte Beers, whose tenure lasted only 17 months (October 2001-March 2003), focused on "branding" America through television advertising showing happy Muslim-Americans, and is generally considered to be an utter failure.

This is a vital time for public diplomacy. The last few years have seen an emerging consensus on the centrality of public diplomacy and strategic communications. The military has gotten into the "war of ideas" in a big way, while State Department and other civilian efforts have struggled with inadequate budgets or personnel -- prompting Defense Secretary Robert Gates and many others to recommend ramping up the State Department's budget and involvement. Whoever is appointed as Under-Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy needs to be in a position to quickly assert authority over an inter-agency balance currently sharply skewed towards the Pentagon. And that's not even getting into the enormous challenges facing U.S. public diplomacy out there in the real world.

 During the Presidential campaign, Obama talked often and effectively about global engagement and public diplomacy. But during the primary I had noted Clinton's inattention to public diplomacy:

Her Foreign Affairs essay says not a single word about public diplomacy or the war of ideas, or even hints at the notion that there might be a vast, complicated Muslim world out there beyond al-Qaeda impatient for real dialogue with a post-Bush America. When she talks about engagement, she seems to mean either talking to friendly leaders or working within institutions. I searched her campaign web site in vain for her ideas on the subject: the term "public diplomacy" turns up only one, unrelated hit on her campaign site, "war of ideas" none, "dialogue and Islam" none.  Even her big foreign policy address last week... began by proposing to restore America's moral authority but never offered a single word about public diplomacy or international dialogue or the internal debates in the Muslim world. Even when the address closed by reciting all the "tools" which she would use, public diplomacy didn't make the laundry list.

Clinton's answers on public diplomacy to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee mirrored Obama's campaign positions, for the most part. But appointing her "long-time friend and Democratic mega-donor" to this crucial position would validate those earlier fears. And that could undermine Obama's promise and cripple America's ability to revamp its engagement with the world at exactly the time that it is needed most. Thus far, "official Washington" has gotten a lot of these rumors wrong... let's hope this is another of them.

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Judith A. McHale, Undersecretary for Public Diplomacy

Prof Lynch's post focussed on past public diplomacy shortfalls. OK, so Karen Hughes 'splaining things better' isn't the model we want. It will be interesting to see whether DoS public diplomacy can grow in effectiveness, in a general atmosphere of budget cuts. I'm guessing that Team Hillary will have pretty sharp elbows and some success in recapturing part of the budget hijacked for Bush infowar ops.

I can understand that Obama-Biden advisers are galled when key positions go to talent from Hillary's campaign. But Abu A. didn't directly address Ms McHale, the new fact on the ground. So we want that DoS division grown, their mission leveraged and recaptured from DoD, 'engagement' redefined? Before condemming McHale with 'terrible, terrible', let's glance at the +column.

On a quick google, the new undersecretary looks like an international business executive, an expansion and aquisition pro. Discovery Communications grew from a single cable channel, into a global non-fiction family of video channels, webmedia, and print. Quality stuff, by comparison to the competition. A glimmer of light in the bandwidth wasteland, an alternative to the surplus of skin and violence that is poisoning our image today. It's nice that someone back then had vision to brand, distribute and export more than re-runs of Dallas and Beverly Hillbillies, which dominated the public image of America abroad in the early 90's.

McHale's most recent business venture is an African investment fund. That sounds like engagement of a tangible sort. If Ms McHale used her piece of the glass ceiling as the price to buy into Karen Hughes headaches, I'd say it is a peculiar thing to spend her millions on.

A bit unfair

“Terrible choice” is a bit harsh. After all, the “selling the message” characterization of the job is Kamen’s not McHale’s.

I don’t know McHale either but from what I’ve learned this this morning, there is nothing to suggest she would look at Uncle Sam as a box of Uncle Ben’s to be flogged in the marketplace of ideas. Perhaps it would be more clarifying to look at her potential selection to head public diplomacy in the context of her roots in the democratic party and her advocacy of women, economic development and human rights. As co-chair of the Democratic party platform, she spoke of moving "forward to rebuild an America where our people will prosper and we as a nation will take up our role again to do good in the world."

This is, as we discussed last March, the emancipation model of liberal internationalism. The concern is with powerless and vulnerable people as individuals. It was voiced passionately by HRC in her confirmation hearing when she spoke against violence against women overseas. Beyond her opening statement she said the following: “I mean, it is heartbreaking beyond words that, you know, young girls are attacked on their way to school by Taliban sympathizers and members who do not want young women to be educated. It’s not complicated! They want to maintain an attitude that keeps women — as I said in my testimony — unhealthy, unfed, uneducated and this is something that results all too often in violence against these young women, both within their families and from the outside.This is not culture. This is not custom. This is criminal.”

Anybody who paid attention to PD in the Clinton administration will not be surprised by this focus, this passion and this potential undersecretary choice in a Clinton State Department. Some Obama supporters might have hoped for a Fareed Zakaria type who could put flesh on the bones of Obama’s inaugural line: “To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect.” They might have hoped an Obama administration would look to PD to launch a serious global dialogue based on the recognition that cultures do differ both in values they have in common and in values they recognize. But, that isn’t the liberalism we’re going to get. Fortunately, it does not appear we are going to get a “war of ideas” either.

Fair criticism indeed

I am a bit surprised by the comments that Judith McHale should not be judged prematurely for her readiness to take on the Under Secretary's role. The fact is that the history of bringing in luminaries from the private sector to run a slow-moving, multi-faceted and complex collection of programs has come up short every single time. First, the transition for these individuals, as talented as they may be, inexorably discovers the harsh realities of bureaucracy and diplomacy. Charlotte Beers is the most infamous of cases; her inexperience in international politics meant that when she tried to broadcast her $15-20 million spots on Arab-state television, they roundly rejected her.

But do not forget the stories of others who fit this model. Radio Sawa and al-Hurra are the creations of Former BBG member and Westwood One magnate Norman Pattiz. His success with these projects can be considered mixed at best; al-Hurra is drowning in the sea of more sophisticated Arabic satellite stations.

Almost all observers agree that PD needs a seat at the policy-making table; Ms McHale's experience hardly suits this need. Again, refer to the history here of two legendary USIA directors. Charles Wick, a Hollywood veteran and close friend of Ronald Reagan exhibited no participation whatsoever in policy formulation. Edward Murrow, the popular CBS newsman, tried and failed to wiggle his way into the NSC; his disappointment in this area is well-documented.

It seems to make sense that the next Under Secretary for PD should bring private-sector sensibility to the job, but the realities are jarring indeed, something that should be considered here. The best choice? Not once has a career PD officer been appointed to this position. State is filled with untapped talent in this area, and the new Secretary need go no further than her own building to find someone who knows how to shepherd public diplomacy the corridors of power. With all due respect to Ms. McHale, she does not fit this profile.

keep an open mind

Ms. McHale isn't being selected to "sell a message". She's being selected to create and manage public diplomacy programs. She made the Discovery Channel into an international media powerhouse. My guess is we are going to see some serious changes in the public diplomacy area, especially with respects to broadcasting. Ms. McHale has also been involved in creating exchanges involving businesspeople and sits on the board of Vital Voices. Her father was a diplomat and she grew-up overseas, mostly in Africa. She obviously has good management skills.

Hopefully, they are aware

Hopefully, they are aware that "R" actually controls almost no broadcasting resources. The incumbent will sit on the BBG board which controls all that media but R is just one person and not the BBG Chair - the State Department has actually very little to do with USG media and can't order Radio Sawa/AL-Hurra/VOA, etc. to do very much (just complain about what they are doing and apply pressure). As for foreign media outreach, you can always do more and use new tools but the big question is always policy content not just the medium you use to deliver.

As Marc and others have noted in the past, hopefully she will have a big seat at the policy table and something substantive to contribute. I really doubt it, but one can always hope.

Yet another incumbent

Ghurab has it spot on. What influence and resources does R have at his/her disposal? The turnover in this post either suggests an impatience for change that has not been forthcoming or significant frustration on the part of the incumbents at not having the leavers to make the changes. What does the US want from R? The press comment in Dec and Jan seemed to suggest a level, if begrudging, of support for Glassman. He was building the relationships with the likes of Gates, gaining support for State rather than DoD led PD and was driving delivery of PD 2.0 into the mindset of his people, which sought to make better use of the new media technology that Obama's campaign so ably demonstrated. However, he had much further to go, but lacked the support/senior clout to make things happen. Whoever fills the role (shame we could not have had some continuity and left Glassman in place - time to break in another new face and start building relationshsips all over again!! How much time lost!) needs to be in on the policy development at the NSC, not as a glorified PA official but someone that truly develops the PD strategy and can articulate the impact of policy decision making on the World's perception of the US and its influence.

What focus, venue for PD?

I'm unwilling to dismiss Ms McHale as "terrible", though I don't hold out much hope. I don't think the new secretary or the President has determined the role of public diplomacy in the broader strategic context. It's useful to take a quick detour into 20th-century history, I think...

Arguably the best PD statement in recent memory was the Atlantic Charter, the 1940 document where FDR and Churchill articulated the nature of the Western opposition to totalitarianism. It's addressed as much to the domestic audience as the foreign, and doesn't really seek to engage in dialogue with non-aggressive fascists (Franco, etc). I'd argue that the best PD statements are really articulations of basic American values, that rely on the soft power of the US to do the actual selling.

While I recognize the existence of non-extremists in the Muslim world, there's a broader problem at work there that US PD isn't likely to help. The problem of modernity simply hasn't been addressed in a meaningful way in any community, be it national, pan- Arab, or pan-Muslim. Turkey's radical secular experiment is experiencing a rocky readjustment; there are no viable Arab democracies on a par with those in Europe or East Asia; there has been no great intellectual and political upheaval analogous to the Reformation, the Wars of Religion, or the Enlightenment.

Western (and especially American) intrusion into this debate prevents the participants from establishing an organic approach to grapple with the problems posed by comparison with the West, with rentier economies and heavily-policed states, with the crying need for spiritual expression unchained from tired and discredited dogma (Iran is very instructive in this regard). I don't think American PD is going to make a meaningful contribution to this problem no matter who's in charge. I suspect that clumsy American attempts to enter the Middle East media markets do more harm than good.

Better to focus for now on reclaiming our heritage of individual liberty, burnishing our image as the leader of the Free World, and expressing broad but general support for any and all who share our aspirations to secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity. If Ms. McHale focuses on re-invigorating USIA, making Radio Liberty a news and culture platform in every major language market, and removes the partisan bias that has clouded our efforts thus far, I think that counts as improvement.

-Rich Whittington

Modernity

Rich

Completely agree with your values argument but not with your views on modernity. The strongest message that could come from the US is that it believes in its own values and applies them in both its actions and messages. However, although US intrusion into something that must be home grown will be resisted (and probably serve merely to provide those hostile to the US with further ammunition) my experience in both the ME and Afghanistan is that communities desire most of what modernity brings with it - just in a way that fits with their culture. The tradition of the Hadith allows constant interpretation and reinterpretation of the Quran whilst one could hardly argue there has not been a home grown war or two across this vast region in the last 1000 years.
Take a look at some of the very active blogging that goes on as well as some of the posts to You Tube by people from the region (see some of the Iranian stuff). Take a look at the programming being produced and how some of that (some Syrian TV is a good example)challenges and deals with the issues facing parents of teenagers (don't we all have that problem!). Yes, global media has not yet reached much of Afghanistan and Central Asia but that will come. As for the Arabian Penisula and Levant, the rapid expansion of Satelitte TV and mobile technology means that few teenagers do not have an understanding of what is going on throughout the world. Of course, from a US PD perspective, it is who is shaping that view that must concern us. If the US does not engage (see http://www.arabmediasociety.com/?article=698) then it faces being portrayed as the agressor/colonial power.

I nominate former US Ambassador to Egypt Frank Ricciardone

Even Bush eventually hired an Arabic speaker, Ms Dina Habib Powell, as Assistant Sec for Ed and Cultural Affairs.

For this post, we need a real pro like career Ambassador Frank Ricciardone, one of the few fluent speakers of Arabic in the State Department.

He's a charming and beloved diplomat. He knows the State Dept machinery and he knows the terrain in the Middle East, and how to engage with the media, the general public and governments there.

He has brilliant ideas about public diplomacy options in the Arab and Muslim world -- ask him, he's currently at US Institute of Peace in Washington. He knows the State Dept machinery and he knows the terrain in the Middle East, and how to engage with the media, the general public and governments.