Tuesday, January 27, 2009 - 12:26 PM
It's impossible to exaggerate the symbolic importance of Barack Obama choosing an Arabic satellite television station for his first formal interview as President -- and of taking that opportunity to talk frankly about a new relationship with the Muslim world based on mutual respect and emphasizing listening rather than dictating. His interview promises a genuinely fresh start in the way the United States interacts with the Arab world and a new dedication to public diplomacy.

Obama on al-Arabiya (screen capture)
In his conversation with the estimable Hisham Milhem (a good choice for an interlocutor), Obama reached out directly to the Arab public via the Saudi TV station al-Arabiya (which shrewdly posted the transcript immediately). It signals the importance of the Middle East to the new President, his commitment to engaging on Arab-Israeli peace, his genuinely fresh thinking and new start with the Muslim world, and his recognition of the importance of genuine public diplomacy.
I admit that I'm a little biased here. How can I not be thrilled that Obama has adopted the policy advice I've been offering since the publication of "Taking Arabs Seriously" in Foreign Affairs back in 2003? And in his first interview anywhere, less than a week into job, no less. I have to admit it feels a bit odd to see an administration doing things right after all these years. But that said, credit should go where credit is due. I do think that this is an extremely significant gambit which signals his commitment to real public diplomacy, his engagement with Middle East issues (repudiating all the pundits expecting him to neglect foreign policy), and his ability to speak in a genuinely new way to the Muslim world.
His remarks hit the sweet spot again and again. He repeatedly emphasized his intention of moving past the iron walls of the 'war on terror' and 'clash of civilizations' which so dominated the Bush era. "My job is to communicate to the Muslim world that the United States is not your enemy," Obama said, emphasizing as in his inaugural address that he is "ready to initiate a new partnership [with the Muslim world] based on mutual respect and mutual interest." And where so much of the Bush administration's 'public diplomacy' was about manipulating and lecturing, Obama begins -- as he should -- with listening: "what I told [Mitchell] is start by listening, because all too often the United States starts by dictating..so let's listen."
He clearly understands that this won't be easy, that there are real conflicts and obstacles and enemies. He obviously recognizes that the Gaza crisis and eight years of the Bush administration have left a heavy toll on America's reputation and credibility. He stressed the importance of engaging on Israeli-Arab issues right away, the need for new ideas and approaches, and the interrelationships among the region's issues that I've always seen as the key to his Middle East policy ("I do think that it is impossible for us to think only in terms of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and not think in terms of what's happening with Syria or Iran or Lebanon or Afghanistan and Pakistan. These things are interrelated.")
And above all, he understands that words are only the beginning, and that ultimately deeds and policy will determine Arab views of the United States. Public diplomacy is not about marketing a lousy policy -- it's about engaging honestly, publicly, and directly with foreign publics about those policies, explaining and listening and adjusting where appropriate. Obama gets it:
"But ultimately, people are going to judge me not by my words but by my actions and my administration's actions. And I think that what you will see over the next several years is that I'm not going to agree with everything that some Muslim leader may say, or what's on a television station in the Arab world -- but I think that what you'll see is somebody who is listening, who is respectful, and who is trying to promote the interests not just of the United States, but also ordinary people who right now are suffering from poverty and a lack of opportunity. I want to make sure that I'm speaking to them, as well."
I couldn't have written this script better myself.
Arabs are both impressed and skeptical. As one prominent Jordanian blogger commented,
" I agree that, generally, Americans are not the enemy of the Muslim world. However, I’m just not sure how to classify those Americans who have big guns, big tanks and big jets that occupy a neighboring country and have a habit of killing a lot of its people. Or, at least, the Americans who sell those big guns, big tanks and big jets to other people that occupy another neighboring country and have a habit of killing a lot of its people."
I will update with additional Arab reaction as it begins to pour in (it's a day too soon for editorials, for the most part there are only a few straightforward news reports like this one in Jordan's al-Ghad).
Three other important points which have thus far been missed in the general commentary:
More to come, no doubt. This is only a start and won't solve anything on it's own, but this is simply an outstanding way to start transforming the American engagement with the Arab world. Well done.
UPDATE: in light of its relevance to Obama's outreach to Arab television, Foreign Affairs has made the full text of my 2003 article available online for free. Thanks!
I saw the interview, but not knowing Arabic I was wondering if there were subtitles in Arabic and if an Arabic transcript was also made available.
You really need to hammer into the mainstream media about the importance of this interview.
Just spoke to some peeps in the ME who are very excited. Male Arab Youth.
One thing I wish you would point out is that Arab does NOT equal Muslim.
Public diplomacy is not sitting around talking about feelings. From this interview, you'd think AQ, Hamas, Hezbollah, etc are operating in a vacuum with no public support. HE said we'd fight terrorists, but where was the challenege to the millions who support the terrorists (until they get hit by the terrorism, of course)?
I don't think its bad he went on, but he missed a major opportunity to make this new relationship go both ways.
MIA: mention of Arab League support for Sudan's genocide
I'm sorry to repeat what is somewhat of a cliche, but if we treated the lives of black Africans as fully human then we wouldn't be so high on this interview. Nowhwere was Arab support for Sudan's genocidal activities in Darfur (the real kind of genocide where your intent is to kill legions of a race, not ignoring the Geneva convention and putting civilians at risk in what ultimately is still a defensive military operation). 300,000 to 400,000 civilians in Darfur have died to date and it doesn't get A SINGLE MENTION? Please don't tell me it's because America is a financial backer of Israel -- the Arab League has been very proactive in the United Nations in defending Sudan's interests. You can value the life of the victims at 1/10 the level as an "ME peep" and the death count in Darfur would still dwarf that in the occupied territories.
Not Bou Aardvark's commentary, but the bizarre Arab League diversion supra.
Leaving aside the silliness of the genocide item (they're all black Africans, that some speak an Arabic dialect ... and plenty are merely nomads), what is the point of the Arab League digression? The Obama demarche was for the Islamic world (of which the Fur are part of, being Muslims, and given the cheerful intra-African massacres of the past decade one need not wave some sad 'fully human' flag). Queer the competition of "oh I'm more oppressed..."
Obama admits the U.S. has screwed up, U.S. does not have all the answers, and the first job of the U.S. is to listen.
Unbelievable.
What a breath of fresh air.
"Granting the first interview to al-Jazeera would have reached a much larger audience, and would have been more daring -- like going on to Fox News instead of MSNBC."
al-Arabiya is the the Saudi monarchy as Fox was to Bush.
"Granting the first interview to al-Jazeera would have reached a much larger audience..."
But he chose the smaller one.
Doing this interview was a bold decision, and President Obama had to make some very tough judgement calls as to what subjects to raise and how.
As Lynch says, he touched his Saudi base just by doing the interview on al Arabiya, and touched it again by throwing a valentine toward the Saudi king's Middle East peace plan of a few years ago, something long since forgotten by most Americans. Obama didn't say anything about the suffering of civilians in Gaza - a salient subject now among many Arabs, yet not one easy to raise without either blaming Israel and creating an uproar there before Mitchell's plane has even landed or adding a qualifier about Hamas's rocket attacks on Israel from Gaza and upsetting the Arabs all over again. It would be interesting to learn how much negotiation before the interview was done to steer the questions toward those Obama wished to answer.
Obama made a conciliatory statement about the Iranian nation while criticizing the Iranian government. He did not dwell on the nuclear issue. He got through the interview without saying anything about Pakistan, Iraq or Afghanistan at all, which I thought was remarkable even with the uproar over Gaza. For all his mentions of "the Muslim world" his remarks were directed almost entirely at the Arab countries -- not surprising considering the venue, but if one wanted to send a message to undemocratic Middle Eastern regimes about unclenching fists, one way to do it would be to draw contrasts with the democratic(ish) East Asian Muslim states.
I agree with the poster upthread who noted the absence of any reference to Darfur, though unlike him I would not have brought it up as a debating point in the Israeli-Palestinian argument. In fairness to Obama, this interview was about advertising an administration determined to address issues in a different way than the last one did. It would not have been an easy thing to throw into this mix an issue the last administration barely discussed at all with this audience; moreover the Darfur situation has evolved in such a way that any message Obama might have wished to send in this interview would have been difficult to keep brief.
With that said, it is a small criticism of this interview that it was not comprehensive. What matters for now is that it was done at all, and was able to feature a President not completely fixated on delivering cheer lines to a domestic American audience.
Obama didn't say anything about the suffering of civilians in Gaza. but he did, mentioning a child in palestine before one in israel, too: future of the children, who can deny/spin that? that's the obama angle.
....that the situation for the ordinary Palestinian in many cases has not improved. And the bottom line in all these talks and all these conversations is, is a child in the Palestinian Territories going to be better off? Do they have a future for themselves? And is the child in Israel going to feel confident about his or her safety and security?
Hi Marc - Any chance the Obama administration decided that airing the interview on Alhurra may (further) taint the broadcaster's credibility in the region? It seems to me that had the interview been on Alhurra, the story would have been "Obama Administration leans on its government-funded broadcaster to get its message out to the Arab world" rather than "Obama to Arabs: what you'll see is someone who is listening." I can't help but think back to the weekend Alhurra launched in February 2004 where it featured an "exclusive" interview with President Bush, cycled over and over for three days, an interview that many still point to four years later of evidence of Alhurra being an agent of propaganda. Perhaps we should see this as good news for Alhurra, that this administration won't expect it to broadcast the Voice of Obama, but rather high quality journalism?
Warning! Warning! Danger Wil Robinson
Warning from Robot B9: Obama chose to give his first interview, after being elected President of the United states, on an Arabic T.V. station. Warning! Warning! Danger! Read more at, www.stopthepresses2.blogspot.com
I don't understand Obama's line about getting back to a more respectful relationship between the US-Muslim World 20-30 years ago. You mean back to when we just supported every authoritarian leader and let young Muslim men fester with unfulfilled aspirations? I think it is great that Obama has reached out to the Muslim world, too broad a term of course, but I also think it dangerous starting from a point of 'what has the US done wrong' as it once again gives the leaders and people of many of these poor, dictatorial societies excuses. How bout we talk about ways they can improve. I don't know what Lynch sees as so 'sweet' as it looks like Obama is just fine with leaving these totalitarian societies to fester once again. This is 'change'? No, its more of the same.
To Lounsbury:
Um, no, not all of Sudan is considered Arab (Dafur, the south part of the nation). And I'll presume you are unaware of the Palestinian Authority's membership in the Arab League. The point is that attitudes like yours that 400,000 dead are a "diversion" from the Israeli killing of 1,000 in Gaza is what allows true genocide to take place. You and Mr. Lynch are like traffic cops who only target a certain race of drivers for drunk driving tickets and then indignantly claim that the charge of racism is somehow a diversion from the goal of safer roads.
My Dear Rusty:
I am more than aware that not all of Sudan is "Arab" - but even better, I am well-read enough in Sudanic and Sahelian history to know that "Arab" identity in the area is opportunistic, and further that while non-"Arabs" of Dar Fur -the Fur, the Zaghaoua, etc have had troubled relations with some nomadic Arab tribes of late (although historically, the Jihadist tradition of the Fur, adopted from the W. African Sahel empires along with that region's own flavour of Sufism), the transitioning between Fur, Zaghaoua and "Arab" identity has long been fluid. To herd cattle as the Baggara is to be Arab, regardless of ancestry. They're all quite black African by actual genetic ancestry.
You presume to lecture about something you evidently have but a superficial acquaintance. I do not, in any event, regard Sudan as a 'diversion' (amusing to put such words in my mouth as a straw man), I merely have contempt for ignorant and inaccurate racialisation.
Dar Fur's civil war, provoked really by drought and machinations of the Nile based regime, is not genocide any more than the simultaneous civil war between Zaghaoua and others in Chad (some of whom, speak Arabic, oh my...), and it is marginal in world consciousness because unlike the Israeli-Palestinian unpleasantness,the territory in question is itself fundamentally ecologically and economically marginal. The supposed race - a silly argument as they're all quite black - really has not a bloody thing to do with it. Were there major resources in Dar Fur or were like Somali, Dar Fur athwart a major sea lane, well then the "World" would get more involved. As it is, well meaning but ignorant interventions usually do more harm than good, as per the idiotic racialisation. Arab League "solidarity" with Sudan isn't about race, it's about fundamental distrust of people like you.
Marc Lynch is associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University.
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