Posted By Marc Lynch Share

Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki declaring a great victory. 

Tomorrow's scheduled U.S. pullback from Iraqi cities has provoked quite a bit of anxious hand-wringing from American analysts and probably premature celebrations from Iraqi officials. While I'm writing about this today because I just can't resist the sweet entreaties of our beloved editorial team, I don't actually think it's that big a deal. American forces have been drawing down in line with the Status of Forces Agreement expectations for months now --- it's not like tomorrow all of the Americans will suddenly click the heels of their ruby slippers and vanish in a puff of smoke. Tomorrow's deadline is far more important symbolically than practically. And here, the Obama administration and General Odierno's team deserve a lot of credit for their careful, rigorous, and publicly affirmed adherence to the agreement.

 It's true that there has been an increase in the number of high-profile, high-casualty attacks over the last few weeks. The thing about spoilers is that they try to spoil. The key questions are whether the attacks trigger sectarian mobilization and security dilemma dynamics, seriously undermine confidence in the state and its ability to provide security, or drive momentum towards wider conflict. There's a lot of anecdotal evidence of mounting popular anxiety, but very little evidence of those kinds of conflict dynamics kicking in. For what it's worth, both Iraqi and American officials seem confident -- and remember when the judgment of the commanders on the ground was supposed to be considered sacred writ?

 I'm not particularly an optimist on these matters, any more than I was in the past -- but I also see a rapidly declining ability or need for the U.S. to manage these issues. I think that there are still very serious issues surrounding the integration of Sunnis into the emerging Iraqi state and political system -- not just the endlessly dragging integration of the Sons of Iraq into the security forces and civil administration, but the selective targeting of key Awakenings leaders and other ongoing complaints. I also think that some amount of the recent uptick in violence is driven by the disenchantment of some of these Awakenings men, either actively or passively. But it seems clear that Maliki has decided that he can get away with selective repression and co-optation of the various Sunni forces, and will only change his approach if he determines that the price is too high. Maybe he's wrong, maybe he's right -- but that's for Iraqis to determine, not Americans.

 Iraqi politics are going to continue to face all kinds of problems, as every analyst under the moon has pointed out. The Arab-Kurd issue, the continuing problems with government capacity, budget problems, and a host of unresolved issues remain. I think that the refugee/IDP issue remains the largest unresolved and virtually untouched issue facing Iraq -- those millions of people uprooted from their homes by force or fear who have few prospects of returning to their original homes, are largely disenfranchised in the emerging Iraqi political system, and who are almost completely unserved by Iraqi state institutions. But slowing down the American drawdown would not materially improve any of these issues. The best thing the U.S. can do is to continue to demonstrate its clear, credible commitment to withdraw on the agreed-upon timeline, and do what it can to help Iraqis adjust to the new realities.

File Photo: AFP/Getty Images

 

DA BUFFALO AMONGST WOLVES

10:35 PM ET

June 29, 2009

What pullback?

Is it a 'pullback' when there are 35 - 50,000 US troops and *132,610* mercenaries staying in-theater? http://trunc.it/m9bt

Is it a 'pullback' when the US says it's not barred from using mine-resistant armored vehicles during daytime in Iraqi cities after Wednesday, July 1 2009... The so-called 'withdrawal' deadline"? http://trunc.it/n0fx

"Unfortunately, the reality is more amorphous, if not deliberately confusing, like much of Obama’s foreign policy and war strategy these days." http://trunc.it/mppz

"Amorphous", in context, is just fancy nomenclature for "weasel words". The kind of verbiage anyone who is literate and reads the Western media sees daily.

Here's some VERY recent ones regarding the coup in Honduras (Now totally diplomatically isolated EXCEPT for the US of course): "In Washington, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, the last senior member of the administration to visit Honduras, just three weeks ago, said that the United States was working toward “full restoration of democratic order (emphasis on 'Weasel words' mine) in Honduras.”

She said that the situation in Honduras “has evolved into a coup.” But when pressed by a reporter, she refused to say explicitly that the United States was demanding that Mr. Zelaya be returned to power,"

Courtesy of the NYTimes: http://trunc.it/mq5i

The whole world is REALLY watching, my Aardvarkian friend, and they ARE NOT liking what they're seeing in Iraq, Afghanistan, OR Latin America.

"Resolution from the OAS Diplomatically Isolates Honduran Leaders" http://trunc.it/ncs8

 

WALKING WOUNDED

1:06 AM ET

June 30, 2009

Tomorrow, tomorrow

is another day.

'Tomorrow' is thrown about as if the day after my birthday finds me a whole year older. The military redeployment of tens of thousands out of Baghdad has been planned for months, and in execution for weeks.

Please give us the latest dope on the Withdrawal/SoFA referendum. Has it been delayed and put on the Jan. 2010 parliament ballot, as some have reported?

 

WALKING WOUNDED

2:52 PM ET

June 30, 2009

referendum

On the google search level, I'm not seeing anything more recent than 6/16. The Withdrawal/SoFA is the legal basis/shield for US lethal force in Iraq. That's not nuthin.

http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=63314
Referendum on SOFA could boot U.S. from Iraq in 2010

http://www.alsumaria.tv/en/Iraq-News/1-33344-100-million-dollars-for-SOFA-referendum.html

Tuesday, June 16, 2009 08:23 GMT

Cabinet spokesman Ali Al Dabbagh affirmed that the government allocated almost 100 million dollar to hold a referendum on the Status of Forces Agreement. Al Dabbagh noted that the government called on Parliament to delay the referendum while head of the Independent High Electoral Commission said the IHEC is ready to conduct the referendum 60 days after passing the law to Parliament.

 

MOTOWN67

8:27 PM ET

June 30, 2009

Iraq after the withdrawal

June 30 is an important date for Iraq to get back more of its sovereignty, but it is more symbolic than anything else. Americans will still be with Iraqi units as advisors, out in the provinces as reconstruction teams, and in Iraq’s ministries. Iraq has far more problems than the Americans anyway. Iraq’s elites are caught up in an on going power struggle that could lead to either a democratic tradition of ruling and opposition parties, or lead to autocratic rule. The dispute between Arabs and Kurds is also heating up, which could threaten the unity of the country. Because of these problems, the economy, services, and refugees are largely being ignored. The economy is still a mess, services do not meet demand, and only about 5% of Iraq’s refugees have returned. Corruption is still rampant. It’s a shame that Iraqis still face these problems after three wars, international sanctions, and the ending of Saddam’s dictatorship.

 

MOTOWN67

8:30 PM ET

June 30, 2009

No referendum anytime soon

None of the Iraqi leaders want this referendum so it's not going to happen. The cabinet put aside some money but that means nothing because parliament needs to assign the money and pass a bill to legalize the vote, and then the Election Commission says it will take 2 months more to set up the vote. The speaker of parliament has rejected at least one proposed bill to do this saying he's going to wait on one from Maliki's office instead, and that's not coming. For more see: http://musingsoniraq.blogspot.com/2009/06/dont-expect-vote-on-sofa-anytime-soon.html

 

WALKING WOUNDED

11:11 PM ET

June 30, 2009

referendum delay

So we're working without a net; no UN, US or Iraqi legal framework for lethal force? The SoFA was accepted only on the premise of a public referendum, no?

Wouldn't the expration of the referendum date put the SoFA terms in limbo, and make a US fire mission, say a drone strike on a building believed to house AQI persons, arguably illegal. At least by Iraqi law? The relatives of civilians killed in such strikes should be raising that issue.

Will the Jan. 2010 elections be pushed back, for want of funding and enabling legislation, by Parliament inaction?

 

MOTOWN67

3:31 PM ET

July 1, 2009

SOFA referendum

The only thing the Sunni Iraqi Islamic Party got out of the SOFA was s stipulation that there would be a referendum held in July 09 on it. Iraq is not a country ruled by law. The parliament added the referendum to appease the Sunnis, but then will forget about it. They do this all the time. Ex: Article 140 of the constitution said there should've been a referendum on the fate of Kirkuk back on Dec. 31, 2007. Nothing happened. The SOFA will go on like it is right now.

 

WALKING WOUNDED

10:10 PM ET

July 1, 2009

A Kirkuk referendum

wasn't held. But just because no one was fired for failing to produce an election, that doesn't mean nothing happened when it was kicked down the road another cycle.

A functioning democratic system requires willingness to abide a losing outcome as a condition of participation. An election supposedly determining whether Kirkuk is absorbed into Barzani's autocratic semi-state fails the test of being a democratic event. Neither Barzani nor Iraqi Arabs nor Turkmen/Turkey would accept the result, without a test of arms and intimidation. Nor does the issue of eretz kurdistan borders stop at the Kirkuk parrot's beak. My guess is that the battle for Kirkuk is being fought in Mosul right now.

Are you Iraq born, Mr. Motown67 ? Beyond curiosity, the question highlights that I don't have skin in the kurd border issue. A referendum that fans a broader war is not just an exercise in popular rule of law. Re-fighting the Anfal won't make things right for victims of the next round.

 

MOTOWN67

3:10 PM ET

July 2, 2009

no referendum

Not Iraq. I was using the failure to carry through with the Kirkuk referendum as an example that Iraq is not a country ruled by law. The provision in the SOFA agreement to have a vote on it, was simply a way to appease the Iraqi Islamic Party and get the law passed. There appears to be no real commitment by the leadership in parliament or Maliki to have the actual vote. Again, Iraq passes laws all the time which are never followed.

 

WALKING WOUNDED

6:16 AM ET

July 4, 2009

rule of law

is understandably loose in Iraq. And the delayed Kirkuk vote is an example of bait and switch, no argument there. I'm less convinced that the Sunni were the only ones gaining deniability thru the SoFA referendum provision. Was Sistani also pressing for popular voice in continuing US operations thru next year? Muqtadah was trying to leverage his opposition.

But it's not so understandable if the USA is operating an über-state above the Iraqi gov't, conducting airstrikes and covert extrajudicial killing without a legal framework under US law. If Iraq is unable to sign meaningful treaties governing our Withdrawal and Status of Forces, then maybe we need to ask for war powers from the UN charter again.

Easy civil and uniformed acceptance of the military ops du jour is part of our disease.

 

SIMPLESIMON

5:47 PM ET

July 4, 2009

The Iraq pullback

After inciting regional rebellion by Shiites and Kurds against Sunni Saddam Hussein’s regime by imposing no-fly zones under Clinton administration, US can do nothing but watch helplessly as US-installed Shiite regime in Iraq unifies Iraq. Maliki regime has seen at close quarters how West manipulates opponents of regimes that US does not like i.e. recent Iranian elections. Maliki definitely had that in mind when he told Vice President Biden to butt out in no uncertain terms.

US want Maliki government to truly create a harmonious government looking after the interests of all Iraqis, not just Shiites but Sunnis and Kurds as well. But Maliki government is NOT going to oblige US anymore than Saddam government did. It won’t be long after US troops depart in June, 2010 that Shiites first will unite with Sunnis to suppress Kurds and then Shiites will suppress Sunnis. Bloodbaths similar to those under Saddam will repeat until Shiites establish their supremacy with the help of Iran if need be and US won’t be able to do anything about it.

 

MOTOWN67

1:44 AM ET

July 6, 2009

More On Sistani, Sunnis, and SOFA referendum

I went through my notes to find articles supporting my points. Here's what I got:

Domergue, Jeremy and Cochrane, Marisa, “Balancing Maliki,” Insitute for Understanding War, June 2009
- Iraqi Accordance Front claimed SOFA gave too much power to Maliki
- Included Political Reform Document to SOFA vote
- Called for power sharing in government and security forces and a July 09 referendum
- Backed by Iraqi National List, Fadhila and Kurdsitan Alliance
- Maliki needed as much support as possible for SOFA because Sistani said that it needed
to be backed by the Iraqi people
- Gave into demands for the Political Reform Document as a result
- Was passed on 11/27/08 by parliament
- SOFA was binding Political Reform Document was not

Ashton, Adam and Fadel, Leila, “Iraqi cabinet Okays U.S. troop withdraw, Parliament could scuttle,” McClatchy Newspapers, 11/16/08
Aswat al-Iraq, “IAF will not support pact – al-Dulaimi,” 11/17/08
Aswat al-Iraq, “Security deal to pass 5 stages before approval,” 11/17/08
Abdul-Zahra, Qassim, “Sunni Arab support key to US-Iraq security deal,” Associated Press, 11/25/08
Abdul-Zahra, Qassim, “Iraq Shiites, Kurds meet Sunni demand on US pact,” Associated Press, 11/26/08
- These are all articles that say it was the Islamic Party/Accordance Front that were pushing for a referendum and power sharing to be included in SOFA negotiations

Rubin, Alissa, Robertson, Campbell and Farrell, Stephen, “Iraqi Parliament Approves U.S. Security Pact,” New York Times, 11/27/08
- Article about passing of SOFA in parliament, says Sunnis got their referendum and reconciliation bill passed

 

Marc Lynch is associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University.

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